1. Investigations on Fundamental Problems of Several New Cryogenic Refrigeration Techniques
（Major Program，This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，No. 50890180，2009.01-2012.12）
Abstract：Aiming at the development frontier of cryogenic and refrigeration engineering and focusing on the crucial scientific issues of novel refrigeration technology, this key project will thoroughly study the common and disciplinary scientific problems in oscillating-flow refrigeration, mixed-refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigeration and thermally-driven absorption refrigeration under dynamic, complex-flow and multi-physicsfield conditions, and seek for new refrigerants and novel refrigeration cycles.The main scientific issues to be studied include: (i) the theory of energy transport and conversion of determinative thermodynamic processes in oscillating-flow refrigeration systems; (ii) the operating mechanism of flow and heat transfer of
compressible and oscillating flow with large amplitude; (iii) the transport mechanism of heat and mass of complex two-phase flow and their influence on low-temperature mixedrefrigerant
Joule-Thomson refrigeration cycle; (iv) the theory of heat conversion of thermally-driven absorption refrigeration technology and its exploration of novel working substances and cycles.The implementation of this key project hopefully enhances Chinese innovative capability and helps to stand in the leading line in the field of cryogenic and refrigeration
engineering, and pushes forward more practical applications of the above-stated advanced refrigeration technology in the economic development, high technology and national security.
2. Materials and Device Structures for Fluorescent /Phosphorescent Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
（Key Program, This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，No. 51033007，2011.01-2014.12）
Abstract：White organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) have attracted great interest for their
promising future in solid state lighting. Compared with the mechanism of traditional WOLEDs, the new fluorescence and phosphorescence hybridized WOLEDs (F/P-WOLEDs), which can use singlet and triplet excitons separately, have been considered as the most ideal and hopeful way to realize long-life high-efficiency WOLEDs. Correspondingly, there are new requirements for the host material and device structure in this new device mechanism, and many key scientific problems in whole F/P-WOLED system still need to be solved. In our proposal, we intend to carry out research containing 5 parts to solve these problems. 1) the relationship between the molecular structure and Est, Et; 2) F/PWOLED host materials; 3) F/P-WOLED blue fluorescent dopants; 4) highly efficient multilayer F/P-WOLEDs; 5) highly efficient single-layer F/P-WOLEDs. According to these researches, we would supply the theory and experimental base for controlling the photoelectron property of organic compound, and developing the solid state lighting technique.
3. Development of the device measuring thermal physical properties from LHe to room temperature with the cryo-cooler for solid materials
（Key Program, This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China ，No. 51027001，2011.01-2013.12）
Abstract：Thermophysical properties measurement in low temperature are essential for research on low temperature physics, airspace and application of superconductors. However, since 2006, the price of helium gas soared because it is considered as strategic material in
USA. In China, the price of liquid helium is up to 150RMB per liter. The price is so high that the research on thermophysical properties measurement is hindered. In order to get rid of the plight of shortages and high prices of liquid helium, an apparatus for thermophysical properties measurement based on the self-designed 4K pulse-tube cryocooler in 4.2—300K is developed. Without liquid helium allows common laboratory with hydroelectricity to measure the thermal conductivity, thermal expansion and specific heat capacity conveniently. The accuracy of the measurement is better than ±3％, and a good software for data acquisition and process control is established. The development of the device not only plays a supporting role for refrigeration & cryogenic engineering and application of superconductors, but also is helpful for research on low temperature physics.The success of the equipment will promote the progress of fields of material, physics, and space science.
4. Investigation on the Noval Processing of Transparent Ceramics by Untra-High Gravity Melt Casting
（Key Program, This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，No. 50932006，2010.01-2013.12）
Abstract：This project attempts to develop a novel way of processing transparent ceramics by an ultra-high gravity field assisted combustion synthesis melt casting (UHGF-CSMC) method.Three candidate material systems, including nano-structured rare-earth doped aluminate ceramic, textured Al2O3 and transparent YAG, will be fabricated by using this UHGF-CSMC technique. By selecting the nano-sized aluminium thermite reactants as starting materials, transparent ceramics will be fabricated by the ceramic melt solidification process through the heat and mass transfer enhanced by the UHGF. The non- equilibrium phase transformation during the ceramic melt casting process will be investigated, and the dependences of the liquid-solid phase transformation on the coupling parameters of the ultra-high gravity field will be established. The influence of reactant composition and post annealing parameters on the microstructure evolution as well as the thermal stress relaxation and the optical properties of the as-fabricated materials will be investigated systematically. A model will be established to manipulate the heat and mass transfer process and the mechanism accounting for the kinetics of the microstructure formation will be revealed. Both structural and functional properties of the ceramic materials are anticipated to be integrated into one ceramic material by the newly developed UHGF-CSMC process, through realizing the nano-structured transparent ceramics. Therefore, a new way for the fabrication of transparent ceramics will be developed.
5. Structure Design and Crystal Growth of Non-Linear Optical Materials
（Key Program, This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，No. 90922036，2010.01-2013.12）
Abstract：We proposed a new route to find nonlinear optical(NLO) crystals by constructing new structures. Previously, NLO crystals have normally been found in 3 ways: Shake and Bake, Element substitution, or by calculating or testing compounds with known structures. Actual structural designing has yet to be reallized. This project proposed: based on the group theory, by using the coordination environments of the cations to force the NLO functional groups into favorable alignment to give maximum NLO effects, to construct new strcutures for NLO crystalline materials, and finally realize the structure design of NLO crystals.This project will also study the UV absorption mechanism of NLO crystals, grow high quality NLO crystals without non-intrinsic UV absorptions, extend transmission ranges and raise laser damage thresholds of NLO crystals. Throughout the UV to IR, all the NLO crystals possesses UV absorptions from different mechanisms. Such UV absorptions not only prevent their applications in the UV range but also limit their resistance to laser damage by multiphoton absorption. Therefore, it is urgently needed to solve this key scientific problem for the practical applications of NLO crystals.
6. Infrared wide-frequency flexible display with image segmentation
（Key Program, This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，No. 60736001，2008.01-2011.12）
Abstract：In order to modulate both the infrared emissivity and the reflectivity of visible light by control of electric field, this project is focused on the design of a series of metal, semiconductor nanocrystals, i.e. nanocomposite materials with the low infrared emissivity and the high reflectivity of visible light, which are essential to the design of flexible, infrared and wide-frequency display for image-segmentation stealthy device.This research includes the following key aspects: 1) the bionic modulation principle of infrared emissivity via the effect of outer factors under non-equilibrium conditions; 2) the synthesis and the capability adjustment of nanocomposite multifunctional spheres; 3) the design and preparation of the flexible film of microfluidic electrophoresismicroroom; 4) the microelectrode array of graphics mode and the design of the infrared and wide-frequency display for image segmentation device; 5) the alteration of reflectivity and the infrared emissivity to improve the quality of the device. This research will provide key technology for flexible, intelligent camouflage device. Finally, this research innovatively attempts to develop a key technology and key functional materials of photoelectric camouflage, which is the important aspect of active camouflage in national defence.
7. Well-defined molecular assemblies and energy transmission, electron transfer and chemical conversion in assemblies
（Key Program, This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，No. 20732007，2008.01-2011.12）
Abstract：This project will be concentrated on three aspects of supramolecular chemistry: 1) Cooperative effects of intermolecular interactions (including hydrogen bonding, onoracceptor interaction, hydrophobic interactions etc.), and their driven aggregate formation and molecular folding; 2) Photoinduced remote energy transfer and electron transfer in supramolecular systems; 3) Supremolecular systems as microreactors to control the selectivity in organic photochemical reactions.
